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Learning objectives

By strand:

Markets

Life processes

Sustainability

Profitability


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Learning objectives by strand

Markets

Primary producers produce for a market

Primary producers use feedback from markets and communities to manage production processes to ensure that their product meets customer requirements.

This strand focuses on growing and producing plants and/or livestock for commercial return, considering personal satisfaction and consumer needs.

Primary products can be of national significance because they provide significant export earnings, or because they allow for self-sufficiency, or because they employ a significant workforce in the production and/or processing phases. Primary products are those that 'leave the farm gate' (for example, milk but not cheese, potatoes but not chips, grapes but not wine). Primary production focuses on how these are grown (for example, tomatoes that are field grown rather than hydroponically grown).

Agricultural products include but are not restricted to:

  • wool, velvet, meat (beef, lamb, chicken, pork, venison), eggs, honey, crops (maize, wheat, barley, white clover seed), milk, sawn logs.

Horticultural products include but are not restricted to:

  • fruit (apples, kiwifruit, apricots, cherries, nectarines, avocados, persimmons, strawberries, blueberries, mandarins, lemons, melons, grapes), vegetables (onions, tomatoes, squash, peas, potatoes, asparagus, carrots, kūmara), cut flowers (orchids, calla lilies, roses, sandersonia).

Aquacultural products include but are not restricted to:

  • salmon, mussels, paua.

Life processes

Primary producers systematically manage life processes

Primary producers systematically manage the life processes of plants, animals, and micro-organisms to ensure a marketable product. Decisions about implementing specific management practices are made by primary producers and are driven by the requirements of specific markets.

Sustainability

Production systems must be sustainable

The impact of primary production systems on the environment must be minimised to ensure that they remain viable, protect the environment, and maintain New Zealand’s reputation.

Sustainable management practices allow the production of primary products and the use of resources to meet present needs, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable management practices achieve this by preventing, limiting, minimising, or correcting environmental damage to water, air, and soil, as well as considering ecosystems and problems related to waste, noise, and visual pollution.

This strand focuses on sustainable primary production processes and associated management practices, including aesthetic enhancement of the environment.

Profitability

Producers must make a profit

Commercial producers produce only products that will return a profit.

New Zealand has the resources to produce a very wide variety of plant and animal products, but commercial producers carefully weigh a full range of factors before they commit to producing a new product.

This strand focuses on the physical and climatic conditions, and the social, economic, political, cultural, and market forces that impact on primary production in New Zealand, with consideration of local, domestic, and global markets.

Learning objectives

Through learning in these strands, students will gain knowledge, practical skills, and experience to:

Strand Level 6 Level 7 Level 8
Markets 6-1 Explore the influence that the life processes of plants and/or livestock have on attributes of primary products produced for specific markets. 7-1 Examine how scientific and technological principles are applied to the life processes of plants and/or livestock in order to shape the attributes of primary products for specified markets. 8-1 Critically examine the particular plant and/or livestock attributes that make it possible to exploit a range of different market opportunities.
Life processes 6-2 Explore how management practices affect the life processes of plants and/or livestock in primary production. 7-2 Examine how scientific and technological principles are applied to management practices used in primary production. 8-2 Critically examine how management practices used in production processes ensure marketable primary products.
Sustainability 6-3 Explore how primary production processes impact on the environment. 7-3 Examine the impact of primary production management practices on the environment. 8-3 Critically examine the impact of primary production management and processes on the environmental sustainability of primary production.
Profitability 6-4 Explore a range of factors that influence land use in New Zealand, including for profitable primary production. 7-4 Examine a range of factors that influence the profitability of primary production in New Zealand. 8-4 Critically examine the impact of a range of specific factors on the profitability of primary production in New Zealand.

Last updated October 12, 2011



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